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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover you're likely aware that different varieties of beans can produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter taste profile and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide accounting for 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are affected by the conditions in the conditions it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats became stimulated after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for a variety of brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants naturally found in. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible that there is also some robusta.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and barista coffee beans beans to cut costs and ensure quality. To preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's important to select a premium bean from a source that you trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans in bulk beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee beans to buy bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and grow on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity which makes them a popular option in blends made by home. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they possess a unique richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're frequently used in blends to give extra body and a rich tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are rounder and smaller, but they have more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have woody and earthy undertones.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.