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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the evolution of new species as well as the alteration of the appearance of existing species.

Numerous examples have been offered of this, 에볼루션 사이트 including various varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that favor particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits however, 에볼루션 사이트 are not able to be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. The best-established explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, a process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more effectively than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually develops into a new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction, 에볼루션 바카라사이트 both of which increase the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

All of these elements must be in harmony to allow natural selection to take place. For instance, if an allele that is dominant at a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will become more prominent in the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The more offspring an organism can produce the more fit it is which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with desirable traits, like longer necks in giraffes, or 에볼루션 무료체험 (Bushhill95.Bravejournal.Net) bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, which means they will become the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits through use or lack of use. If a giraffe stretches its neck to reach prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe becomes unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, alleles within a gene can be at different frequencies in a group due to random events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no more be eliminated through natural selection) and 에볼루션코리아 the rest of the alleles will diminish in frequency. In extreme cases this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small population this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a large amount of individuals migrate to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck could occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will share an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This may be the result of a conflict, earthquake or even a disease. The genetically distinct population, if left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of different fitness levels. They give the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have exactly the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift could play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method of evolution. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens claims that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, and treating other causes like migration and selection as forces and causes. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces and this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has a direction: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a magnitude, that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, commonly called "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms adopting traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism can be illustrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher branches in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed on to their offspring who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck, a French Zoologist, introduced a revolutionary concept in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. According to him living things evolved from inanimate matter through the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the first to propose this however he was widely considered to be the first to provide the subject a thorough and general explanation.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, like natural selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion, it was never a central element in any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically tested.

It has been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is an increasing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle for survival. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that are driving evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a fight to survive in a specific environment. This may include not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution functions, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. It is a feature that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical feature, such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior such as moving towards shade during hot weather, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.

The survival of an organism depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring and to be able to access sufficient food and resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its niche.

These factors, along with gene flow and mutation, lead to changes in the ratio of alleles (different types of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. This change in allele frequency could lead to the development of new traits and eventually, new species over time.

A lot of the traits we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, like lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves and long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation it is essential to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out companions or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. In addition, it is important to understand that a lack of thought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. In fact, a failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptive even though it appears to be logical or even necessary.